Iran doesn't even recognize dual-citizenship, let alone permanent residency in another country. The info below is from a US government site but the quote below applies to any other country.
http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_p.../cis_1142.html
Quote:
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U.S. passports are valid for travel to Iran. However, the Iranian government does not recognize dual nationality and will treat U.S. - Iranian dual nationals solely as Iranian citizens subject to Iranian laws. Thus, U.S. citizens who were born in Iran, who became naturalized citizens of Iran (e.g., through marriage to an Iranian citizen), and children of such persons?even those without Iranian passports who do not consider themselves Iranian?are considered Iranian nationals by Iranian authorities. Therefore, despite the fact that these individuals hold U.S. citizenship, under Iranian law, they must enter and exit Iran on an Iranian passport, unless the Iranian government has recognized a formal renunciation or loss of Iranian citizenship. Dual nationals may be subject to harsher legal treatment than visitors with only U.S. citizenship.
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