It's very simple.
Take Pelosi as an example. She is from a very liberal district, likely one of the most liberal districts in the nation. This means that the people there are never going to vote for a Republican. The only danger Pelosi has is from an independent or another Democrat. Most Democrats don't bother to run against her because she is so established they will likely get crushed and any independent is going to have to be able to raise or have a ton of money.
Some of these people just find themselves in places where there isn't much in the way of competition and the voter make up makes it easy for them to stay in office.
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