Welcome to the GoFuckYourself.com - Adult Webmaster Forum forums.

You are currently viewing our boards as a guest which gives you limited access to view most discussions and access our other features. By joining our free community you will have access to post topics, communicate privately with other members (PM), respond to polls, upload content and access many other special features. Registration is fast, simple and absolutely free so please, join our community today!

If you have any problems with the registration process or your account login, please contact us.

Post New Thread Reply

Register GFY Rules Calendar
Go Back   GoFuckYourself.com - Adult Webmaster Forum > >
Discuss what's fucking going on, and which programs are best and worst. One-time "program" announcements from "established" webmasters are allowed.

 
Thread Tools
Old 08-01-2023, 06:11 AM   #1
net
Registered User
 
net's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jun 2023
Posts: 6
:mad Fuck Taxes

I also have a question, how do you deal with the taxes? I pay 10% of my income in my country. and still, 10% seems like a lot to me.
net is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 11:51 AM   #2
Rochard
Jägermeister Test Pilot
 
Rochard's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Dec 2001
Location: NORCAL
Posts: 71,119
I write everything off. As much as I can.
__________________
“The choice is no longer between right or left. The choice is between normal and crazy.”
- Sarah Huckabee Sanders

YNOT MAIL | THE BEST ADULT MAILING SOLUTION
Rochard is online now   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 11:58 AM   #3
CurrentlySober
Too lazy to wipe my ass
 
CurrentlySober's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2002
Location: A Public Bathroom
Posts: 38,205
what are taxes?
__________________


👁️ 👍️ 💩
CurrentlySober is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 12:28 PM   #4
DVTimes
Holedex.com
 
DVTimes's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jun 2003
Location: UK
Posts: 31,542
Quote:
Originally Posted by CurrentlySober View Post
what are taxes?
They take you to places when you order them.
__________________
My old and new pics I have shot
DVTimes is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 12:48 PM   #5
CurrentlySober
Too lazy to wipe my ass
 
CurrentlySober's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2002
Location: A Public Bathroom
Posts: 38,205
Quote:
Originally Posted by DVTimes View Post
They take you to places when you order them.
'Order' as in shout at & demand?
__________________


👁️ 👍️ 💩
CurrentlySober is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 12:48 PM   #6
NatalieK
Natalie K
 
NatalieK's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: Spain
Posts: 18,588
Quote:
Originally Posted by net View Post
I also have a question, how do you deal with the taxes? I pay 10% of my income in my country. and still, 10% seems like a lot to me.
here in Spain we pay 21% tax on all our income & due to creating the content, we also pay 21% vat...

It´s a lot to pay out, seeing nearly half your earning go to the tax & vat man!

not sure the amount is VAT in the UK, US or other countries for creating content, but if correct, every content creator should be paying VAT, you´ll have to speak with your accountants

We also pay autonomo here in Spain, this is similar to NI in the UK, I suppose in the US, national insurance is paid as a medical insurance & separate pension.
__________________
My official site NatalieK.xxx My free porn & affiliate blog Natalie K affiliate programFirst time girls
Skype: gspotproductions - "Converting your traffic into income since 2005"
NatalieK is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 01:00 PM   #7
NatalieK
Natalie K
 
NatalieK's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: Spain
Posts: 18,588
Quote:
What is VAT charged on in UK?
VAT is a tax on business transactions that potentially affects all purchases and sales. It is not a tax on profits. VAT is charged at 20% on most supplies, though some are taxed at either 0 or 5%.
so yes, in the UK, all supplies, E.G. creators, should be paying 20% VAT on their incomes...

here in Spain...

Quote:
What is exempt from VAT in Europe?
Some goods and services such as education, healthcare and financial services may be exempt from VAT. These sales are exempt from VAT, without the 'right to deduct'. This means you may not deduct the VAT you have paid on purchases related to such sales.

What services are exempt from VAT in Spain?
Exempt transactions
healthcare;
educational activities;
social welfare assistance;
cultural activities;
sporting activities;
financial transactions and insurance;
real estate.
other than the above it´s 21%...

the tax and vat can hurt, but then the cost of living is half that in the UK, anything, petrol, rent, insurance, food, drink, everything is very low cost & the sun´s out every day of the year, so it´s summer every day, hence the amazing life style & why i´m happy to pay the vat & tax costs
__________________
My official site NatalieK.xxx My free porn & affiliate blog Natalie K affiliate programFirst time girls
Skype: gspotproductions - "Converting your traffic into income since 2005"
NatalieK is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 01:35 PM   #8
The Porn Nerd
Living The Dream
 
The Porn Nerd's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jun 2009
Location: Inside a Monitor
Posts: 19,325
Yeah fuck Texas!!

Damn rednecks.
__________________
My Affiliate Programs:
Porn Nerd Cash | Porn Showcase | Aggressive Gold (Coming Soon)

Over 90 paysites to promote!
Skype: peabodymedia
The Porn Nerd is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 05:54 PM   #9
Major Tom Thanks Duke
Dark Maga Activated
 
Major Tom Thanks Duke's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Nov 2003
Location: Null
Posts: 28,064
Quote:
Originally Posted by Rochard View Post
I write everything off. As much as I can.
I need to get those electricity usage meters. I haven't been writing off any home office power.
Major Tom Thanks Duke is online now   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 06:34 PM   #10
CaptainHowdy
Too lazy to set a custom title
 
CaptainHowdy's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Happy in the dark.
Posts: 92,207
I avoid them by being poor . . .
__________________
Enroll in the SWAG Affiliate Asian Live Cam Program and get 9 free quality link-backs!
Get those links up ASAP! --> TJEEZERS.Cam. Setup in 48 Hours max.
CaptainHowdy is online now   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-01-2023, 09:43 PM   #11
Look Chang
Sexpat
 
Look Chang's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Sep 2010
Posts: 14,854
Quote:
Originally Posted by CaptainHowdy View Post
I avoid them by being poor . . .
Me too . . .
__________________
Bests Hot & Juicy Asian Girls Sex Sites : SEDUCTION -> FELLATIO -> CONCLUSION
Look Chang is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 02:32 AM   #12
plsureking
bored
 
plsureking's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Metaverse
Posts: 4,675


#
plsureking is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 03:26 AM   #13
curlydoggo
Confirmed User
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jun 2023
Location: West Berlin
Posts: 40
Quote:
Originally Posted by net View Post
I also have a question, how do you deal with the taxes? I pay 10% of my income in my country. and still, 10% seems like a lot to me.
Bulgaria? :D

In my country, it runs up to 50%... 10% sounds like a dream.
__________________
https://ai-porn-generator.co
curlydoggo is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 03:45 AM   #14
emmasexytime
Confirmed User
 
emmasexytime's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2015
Posts: 4,037
Quote:
Originally Posted by plsureking View Post


#
__________________
Join the BEST cam affiliate program on the internet!
I've referred over $1.7mil in spending this past year, you should join in.
live camss > How to make a live cam site hardlinks > hardlinks.org
emmasexytime is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 06:28 AM   #15
Tasty1
Judge Jury and Executioner
 
Tasty1's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: South-America
Posts: 8,939
Quote:
Originally Posted by NatalieK View Post
so yes, in the UK, all supplies, E.G. creators, should be paying 20% VAT on their incomes...

here in Spain...



other than the above it´s 21%...

the tax and vat can hurt, but then the cost of living is half that in the UK, anything, petrol, rent, insurance, food, drink, everything is very low cost & the sun´s out every day of the year, so it´s summer every day, hence the amazing life style & why i´m happy to pay the vat & tax costs
You don't pay the VAT, the consumer does. You only collect it from them to sent it to the government.
The VAT you pay for your business, (camera's, hosting, laptop) you get back.

I was wondering how much health care cost there are.

I think on Canary Islands, the tax is less (Income Tax / VAT).
__________________

everything is fake
Tasty1 is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 06:29 AM   #16
plsureking
bored
 
plsureking's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Metaverse
Posts: 4,675
just ran across this song XD



#
plsureking is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 07:59 AM   #17
CaptainHowdy
Too lazy to set a custom title
 
CaptainHowdy's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Dec 2004
Location: Happy in the dark.
Posts: 92,207
Quote:
Originally Posted by Look Chang View Post
Me too . . .
__________________
Enroll in the SWAG Affiliate Asian Live Cam Program and get 9 free quality link-backs!
Get those links up ASAP! --> TJEEZERS.Cam. Setup in 48 Hours max.
CaptainHowdy is online now   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 08:06 AM   #18
Tasty1
Judge Jury and Executioner
 
Tasty1's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: South-America
Posts: 8,939
Quote:
Originally Posted by net View Post
I also have a question, how do you deal with the taxes? I pay 10% of my income in my country. and still, 10% seems like a lot to me.
10% is a good deal. You can compete with Western Europe freelancers that pay 40% (or more) and where life is more expensive. And earn the same amount of money, but pay 30% less tax.
__________________

everything is fake
Tasty1 is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 08:32 AM   #19
Retiree
Amateurs.com
 
Retiree's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: May 2012
Posts: 1,048
Move to Panama, problem solved.

Unless you are an US citizen. ;)
__________________
Amateurs.com - #1 Amateur Social Network
Skype ID: Amateurs.com
CzechProfits - 34 paysites, 2000+ exclusive videos
Retiree is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 09:59 AM   #20
Tasty1
Judge Jury and Executioner
 
Tasty1's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: South-America
Posts: 8,939
Quote:
Originally Posted by Retiree View Post
Move to Panama, problem solved.

Unless you are an US citizen. ;)
And be able to bring 100 - 200K with you nowadays.
__________________

everything is fake
Tasty1 is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 10:23 AM   #21
Manfap
Confirmed User
 
Manfap's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2013
Posts: 2,608
Quote:
Originally Posted by NatalieK View Post
here in Spain we pay 21% tax on all our income & due to creating the content, we also pay 21% vat...

We also pay autonomo here in Spain, this is similar to NI in the UK, .
Spanish taxes are pissing me off, the new automomo quotas I'm paying 500€+ a month ontop of crazy tax rates.
Manfap is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 11:05 AM   #22
redwhiteandblue
Bollocks
 
redwhiteandblue's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jun 2007
Location: Bollocks
Posts: 2,792
Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
You don't pay the VAT, the consumer does. You only collect it from them to sent it to the government.
The VAT you pay for your business, (camera's, hosting, laptop) you get back.
That is true but if you're selling to consumers, you can't collect it from them. If you're selling a product at $19.99 and then you suddenly go over the VAT threshold so you have to start paying it, you can't just add 20% onto your prices and expect to make the same sales. So effectively you're the one paying the VAT.
redwhiteandblue is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 11:12 AM   #23
Klen
 
Klen's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2006
Location: Little Vienna
Posts: 32,234
Quote:
Originally Posted by redwhiteandblue View Post
That is true but if you're selling to consumers, you can't collect it from them. If you're selling a product at $19.99 and then you suddenly go over the VAT threshold so you have to start paying it, you can't just add 20% onto your prices and expect to make the same sales. So effectively you're the one paying the VAT.
If i would be lawmaker, i would make VAT automatically charged on each transaction (kind a like a cross sale on paysites) and that way seller would not need to collect it. Plus it would eliminate need for threshold
Klen is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 11:43 AM   #24
NatalieK
Natalie K
 
NatalieK's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: Spain
Posts: 18,588
Quote:
Originally Posted by DukeSkywalker View Post
I need to get those electricity usage meters. I haven't been writing off any home office power.
Electric is so low cost in Spain, thankfully due to the country running on solar & wind, due to sell electric to
Europe...
Quote:
Originally Posted by curlydoggo View Post
Bulgaria? :D

In my country, it runs up to 50%... 10% sounds like a dream.
I thought similar! 10% omg yes please

Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
You don't pay the VAT, the consumer does. You only collect it from them to sent it to the government.
The VAT you pay for your business, (camera's, hosting, laptop) you get back.

I was wondering how much health care cost there are.

I think on Canary Islands, the tax is less (Income Tax / VAT).
Agreeing, the vat is charged and then we pay the VAT to the country, but it still comes from my earnings, what goes in my bank, I pay the 21%VAT every 3 months, as should any creator...

wtg tube site owners

Health care, read below, going to speak with Manfap about automomo, this being health care & pension...

Quote:
Originally Posted by Manfap View Post
Spanish taxes are pissing me off, the new automomo quotas I'm paying 500€+ a month ontop of crazy tax rates.
it´s gone crazy! It´s a new system, helping those that were earning less & making the situation more equal, no it doesn´t!

The lowest amount payable is for anyone earning 7k and under, then 10 and 15 and so on. So the government were making less to pay for lower earnings, but seems the lowest amount to pay out is what most people were paying anyway...

basically, they´ve just added loads on for normal earnings! ouch...

yes, it´s 500€ out of the bank monthly, however, if you ask anyone in the US or with personal healthcare, you´d pay 2k a year anyway. & with it also being pension, it´s ok, just a bit harsh.



What we´re wondering, as we paid into the UK system for over the 20 year and now paying here, hoping to pay for the next 20 year, would we receive 2 pensions each or just the one from the country we live in?

Logically, Brits live in Spain and receive the British pension, so i´d have thought if paying both countries over the years, won´t we both receive both pensions from both countries?
__________________
My official site NatalieK.xxx My free porn & affiliate blog Natalie K affiliate programFirst time girls
Skype: gspotproductions - "Converting your traffic into income since 2005"
NatalieK is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 12:01 PM   #25
Manfap
Confirmed User
 
Manfap's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2013
Posts: 2,608
Quote:
Originally Posted by NatalieK View Post
Logically, Brits live in Spain and receive the British pension, so i´d have thought if paying both countries over the years, won´t we both receive both pensions from both countries?
You can get the years you paid into a UK pension moved over here, to count against the years you have to work, or at least you could when it was all EU, not sure now.
Manfap is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-02-2023, 12:23 PM   #26
Tasty1
Judge Jury and Executioner
 
Tasty1's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2005
Location: South-America
Posts: 8,939
Quote:
Originally Posted by NatalieK View Post

What we´re wondering, as we paid into the UK system for over the 20 year and now paying here, hoping to pay for the next 20 year, would we receive 2 pensions each or just the one from the country we live in?

Logically, Brits live in Spain and receive the British pension, so i´d have thought if paying both countries over the years, won´t we both receive both pensions from both countries?
Don't know about UK situation. If you subscribe from the Netherlands, you get 2% less pension every year you ar out of the country. So if you are out of the country and not paying 20 years (you can pay voluntary in Holland to keep 100% pension), you get 40% less pension from The Netherlands. And i think Spain won't pay 100%, but also will look how many years you paid taxes there. Buti am not sure in Spain/UK. I think would be equal, else everyone would work in different countries for a few years when you get 100%.

In Holland there is also the rule, when you live abroad in a cheap country without agreements between those countries, they only pay 80% pension of the amount that you would normally get.
__________________

everything is fake
Tasty1 is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2023, 04:12 AM   #27
Manfap
Confirmed User
 
Manfap's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2013
Posts: 2,608
Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
Don't know about UK situation. If you subscribe from the Netherlands, you get 2% less pension every year you ar out of the country. So if you are out of the country and not paying 20 years (you can pay voluntary in Holland to keep 100% pension), you get 40% less pension from The Netherlands. And i think Spain won't pay 100%, but also will look how many years you paid taxes there. Buti am not sure in Spain/UK. I think would be equal, else everyone would work in different countries for a few years when you get 100%.

In Holland there is also the rule, when you live abroad in a cheap country without agreements between those countries, they only pay 80% pension of the amount that you would normally get.
My Spanish missus, transfered the year she worked in Nederlands to Spain, not sure how it works but that one year is added to her Spanish work record.
Manfap is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2023, 09:46 AM   #28
drexl
Whale Hunter
 
drexl's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Jan 2016
Posts: 931
Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
You don't pay the VAT, the consumer does. You only collect it from them to sent it to the government.
Correct.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
The VAT you pay for your business, (camera's, hosting, laptop) you get back.
Correct, when you acquire from a supplier who is located in your own EU country VAT is collected at the time of purchase, you can claim it back. If you acquire from abroad you have to self account for VAT because the supplier will not collect it.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Klen View Post
If i would be lawmaker, i would make VAT automatically charged on each transaction (kind a like a cross sale on paysites) and that way seller would not need to collect it. Plus it would eliminate need for threshold
It has to go down that road eventually

Maybe an API at the EU level that payment processors have to use. This way EU admins could change rules easily in a centralized way.
drexl is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2023, 09:53 AM   #29
fuzebox
making it rain
 
fuzebox's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Oct 2003
Location: seattle
Posts: 21,855
I've lived in third world countries with no taxes, and lived in first world countries with brutal high taxes.

Currently happier enjoying the first world and just paying the damn taxes while trying to make more.
fuzebox is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2023, 10:05 AM   #30
NatalieK
Natalie K
 
NatalieK's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Apr 2010
Location: Spain
Posts: 18,588
Quote:
Originally Posted by Manfap View Post
You can get the years you paid into a UK pension moved over here, to count against the years you have to work, or at least you could when it was all EU, not sure now.
Quote:
Originally Posted by Tasty1 View Post
Don't know about UK situation. If you subscribe from the Netherlands, you get 2% less pension every year you ar out of the country. So if you are out of the country and not paying 20 years (you can pay voluntary in Holland to keep 100% pension), you get 40% less pension from The Netherlands. And i think Spain won't pay 100%, but also will look how many years you paid taxes there. Buti am not sure in Spain/UK. I think would be equal, else everyone would work in different countries for a few years when you get 100%.

In Holland there is also the rule, when you live abroad in a cheap country without agreements between those countries, they only pay 80% pension of the amount that you would normally get.

Quote:
Originally Posted by Manfap View Post
My Spanish missus, transfered the year she worked in Nederlands to Spain, not sure how it works but that one year is added to her Spanish work record.

the EU makes it so much easier. grrrr Why Brexit? ffs.. things were so much better and easier with the UK in the EU
__________________
My official site NatalieK.xxx My free porn & affiliate blog Natalie K affiliate programFirst time girls
Skype: gspotproductions - "Converting your traffic into income since 2005"
NatalieK is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Old 08-03-2023, 05:24 PM   #31
2MuchMark
Videochat Solutions
 
2MuchMark's Avatar
 
Industry Role:
Join Date: Aug 2004
Location: Canada
Posts: 47,473
My advice is don't fuckaround when it comes to taxes.

Get a good accountant and make every legal thing you can a tax deduction, but don't get cocky. If you think you are right about claiming a deduction that they disagree with by all means argue your point, but remember the the government has alot more time and money than you do. If you try to fight them on taxes, they will fight back.
__________________

VideoChat Solutions | Custom Software | IT Support
https://www.2much.net | https://www.lcntech.com
2MuchMark is offline   Share thread on Digg Share thread on Twitter Share thread on Reddit Share thread on Facebook Reply With Quote
Post New Thread Reply
Go Back   GoFuckYourself.com - Adult Webmaster Forum > >

Bookmarks

Tags
10%, cents, country, income, lot, taxes, fuck



Advertising inquiries - marketing at gfy dot com

Contact Admin - Advertise - GFY Rules - Top

©2000-, AI Media Network Inc



Powered by vBulletin
Copyright © 2000- Jelsoft Enterprises Limited.